If you use local firewall rules and tcp wrappers on a remote host where you might get locked out, with no easy way to get logged in again, here is a quick howto on playing it safe. The trick is to setup a couple cron jobs to undo whatever you stuffed up.
I scheduled two 10 minute recurring jobs. Gives you 10 minute windows of configuring/testing before security resets.
Paranoid hint: Make sure you stay logged into the target host with an extra terminal somewhere else as well.
I could also have done /etc/init.d/iptables restart or service iptables restart to reset rules from cron. That would prevent you from having a wide open machine after the flush. But the downside of that is if you save rules that were broken, a restart will load your saved (broken) rules.
Set two cron jobs:
[root@uhz002192 dev]# crontab -l /10 * * * * cp /root/hosts.deny /etc/hosts.deny /10 * * * * /sbin/iptables --flush
Tcp wrappers:
I made a copy of /etc/hosts.deny file in /root and then waited for the next cron run to test if the copy is really working as expected.
It looked good after cron ran.
# cat /etc/hosts.deny # ... #ALL: ALL
Now uncomment the ALL: ALL line in the real /etc/hosts.deny and start testing /etc/hosts.allow rules.
# more /etc/hosts.allow ... # Host allowed to SSH sshd: xx.xx.xx.xx
Test from non allowed and allowed host.
Feb 24 05:32:56 uhz002192 sshd[12346]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user rrosso by (uid=0) Feb 24 05:33:43 uhz002192 sshd[12380]: refused connect from host.domain.com (::ffff:xx.xx.xx.xx) Feb 24 05:34:34 uhz002192 sshd[12386]: Accepted password for rrosso from xx.xx.xx.xx port 37415 ssh2 Feb 24 05:34:34 uhz002192 sshd[12386]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user rrosso by (uid=0)
Now lets go tune the firewall rules...
List rules:
# iptables --list Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere ACCEPT icmp -- anywhere anywhere icmp any ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:webcache ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:etlservicemgr ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:mysql ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:redwood-broker ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:ssh ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:smtp ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:http ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:ftp ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:https REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-host-prohibited Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination
Saved rules in this file:
# cat /etc/sysconfig/iptables # Firewall configuration written by system-config-securitylevel # Manual customization of this file is not recommended. *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type any -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 9001 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3001 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT
Delete unneeded rules:
# iptables -D INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT # iptables -D INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT # iptables -D INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT # iptables -D INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT
Check (and test using something like nmap):
# iptables --list Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere ACCEPT icmp -- anywhere anywhere icmp any ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:etlservicemgr ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:redwood-broker ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:ssh ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:http ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:https REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-host-prohibited Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination
Save the rules:
# service iptables save Saving firewall rules to /etc/sysconfig/iptables: [ OK ]
Check stored rules:
# cat /etc/sysconfig/iptables # Generated by iptables-save v1.3.5 on Fri Feb 24 05:48:21 2012 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [734:96465] -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type any -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 9001 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 3001 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT # Completed on Fri Feb 24 05:48:21 2012
Check running rules:
# iptables --list Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere ACCEPT icmp -- anywhere anywhere icmp any ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:etlservicemgr ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:redwood-broker ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:ssh ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:http ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:https REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-host-prohibited Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination
Delete the cron job(s) when working!